A federal judge in Chicago has ruled that Northwestern University can discipline students who refuse to complete a required antisemitism training video. The lawsuit, brought by graduate students and a campus group, argued that the training was biased against Palestinian and Arab students and suppressed anti-Zionist speech. Judge Georgia Alexakis acknowledged the students could face harm from enrollment holds but found no evidence of discriminatory intent by the university, denying the request to block disciplinary action. The controversy centers on the university's adoption of a specific definition of antisemitism and the broader debate over free speech and campus policies.