Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Vladimir Putin's summit comes at a pivotal moment for India-Russia relations, shaped by Russia's geopolitical isolation and India's balancing act in a multipolar world. Russia's immediate goal is to shield its economic ties with India from expanding Western sanctions, particularly in energy trade, ensuring India remains a key buyer of discounted Russian crude. Defence cooperation, once the backbone of the partnership, is under strain as India diversifies its suppliers and boosts domestic production, prompting Russia to push for renewed collaboration on advanced military technology and platforms.

Beyond oil, Russia is offering next-generation nuclear energy solutions and seeking to restore Indian stakes in major energy projects. The summit also advances labour mobility agreements and early-stage trade talks, aiming to deepen economic interdependence. For Russia, these deals are strategic lifelines; for India, they represent opportunities to strengthen autonomy and secure affordable energy and advanced defence capabilities. The outcome could redefine the partnership, making it more pragmatic and driven by mutual interests in defence, energy, and trade.