Since Israeli forces withdrew from parts of Gaza under a cease-fire, Hamas has rapidly reasserted its presence, deploying police, taxing goods, and punishing rivals. Despite losing many fighters and much territory during two years of war, the group still controls significant areas and maintains a core force of about 20,000 fighters, according to Israeli and Arab officials. Hamas continues to run government functions and security services, though its power is diminished compared to before the conflict.

The group's resurgence complicates international plans to reconstruct Gaza without Hamas and to establish a new administration. While Hamas leaders say they are open to a technocratic government and possibly a long-term truce, they insist that any disarmament must be tied to broader political concessions, including a full Israeli withdrawal and the creation of a Palestinian state. Israeli officials, however, demand complete disarmament and warn that Hamas's ongoing control makes it harder to introduce a viable alternative government.

Hamas's ability to regroup and maintain order, even in a weakened state, raises concerns among Israeli officials that the group could rebuild its strength over time if not decisively removed from power. The slow process of forming a new governing authority in Gaza is seen as playing to Hamas's advantage, potentially setting the stage for future conflict.