Researchers are uncovering new genetic clues behind the development of cleft lip and cleft palate, the most common congenital craniofacial malformations. These conditions are characterized by a separation in the upper lip or an opening in the roof of the mouth, which can present both cosmetic and functional challenges. While cleft lip primarily affects appearance, cleft palate can lead to difficulties with eating, speaking, and hearing due to issues with fluid drainage from the middle ear. The latest findings offer hope for improved understanding and potential future treatments.