A federal judge has ruled that Northwestern University can penalize students who refuse to complete a mandatory anti-Semitism training, including revoking financial aid, campus housing, and even student status. The decision came after a lawsuit filed by the Council on American-Islamic Relations on behalf of Graduate Workers for Palestine, who argued the training violated civil rights and discriminated against Palestinian and Arab students. The judge denied a request to block the university's penalties, stating the plaintiffs had not shown a strong likelihood of success in their claims. The controversy comes amid heightened tensions on campus, including reports of anti-Israel vandalism and confrontations during protests.