The race to lead the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has narrowed to two candidates: Egyptian antiquities professor Khaled el-Enany and Congolese economist Firmin Matoko. The winner will face significant financial challenges after the recent withdrawal of the United States, which threatens a major budget shortfall for the organization. El-Enany, backed by the African Union and Arab League, is expected to focus on cultural initiatives and has pledged to continue efforts against antisemitism and religious intolerance. Matoko, a longtime United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization official, promises to steer the agency away from political disputes and toward practical solutions, including potential budget cuts and increased private sector funding. The decision comes as the broader United Nations system grapples with financial strains and geopolitical divisions.