Artificial intelligence is expected to cause significant disruption across the United Kingdom economy before ultimately delivering a net benefit, according to the chief technology officer of the National Cyber Security Centre. Speaking at a cyber security event, Ollie Whitehouse warned that the most underestimated threat from artificial intelligence is its ability to rapidly identify vulnerabilities in digital systems, which could leave many companies exposed if they cannot keep pace with defensive technologies. This transition is likely to be painful for businesses unable to employ artificial intelligence effectively for cyber defence, potentially impacting corporate governance, profits, and overall wellbeing.

Meanwhile, the United Kingdom's AI Security Institute is focusing on the risks posed by advanced artificial intelligence, including the potential for chemical and biological threats, enhanced cyber capabilities, and autonomous systems capable of causing widespread harm. The institute has found that some models can produce expert-level knowledge in biology and chemistry, raising concerns about misuse. The rapid automation of cyber attack processes could dramatically shorten the time needed for campaigns and change the economics of cyber threats.

Industry leaders highlighted the importance of developing domestic cyber security technologies, noting that the United Kingdom is currently being outpaced by other nations such as Israel. Recent high-profile cyber attacks on major businesses have underscored the urgency of strengthening the country's cyber defences amid a shifting geopolitical landscape.