Amnesty International has, for the first time, accused Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups of committing crimes against humanity during and after the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel. The report details acts such as murder, extermination, torture, and sexual violence, stating that these actions constituted a systematic attack on civilians. Hamas has strongly rejected the findings, calling the report inaccurate and politically motivated. Amnesty has also previously accused Israel of genocide in its response to the attack, allegations which Israel denies. The ongoing conflict has resulted in significant loss of life and continued accusations of severe violations of international law by both sides.