Protests erupted across Iran into Friday morning, with demonstrators defying a nationwide internet and phone blackout imposed by the government. Videos shared by activists showed crowds chanting against the authorities and gathering around bonfires in Tehran and other cities, as debris filled the streets. Iranian state media blamed foreign 'terrorist agents' for the unrest and acknowledged casualties, though details remain unclear due to the communications shutdown.

The demonstrations, initially sparked by economic grievances, have grown into the most significant challenge to the government in years. Calls for protest by exiled Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi appear to have galvanized the public, with some demonstrators expressing support for the former royal family—a sentiment that was once punishable by death. At least 42 people have been killed and more than 2,270 detained amid the unrest, according to human rights groups.