Most parties say they want the war with Iran to end quickly, but they sharply disagree on the terms. President Donald Trump’s objectives have ranged from limiting Iran’s nuclear programme to seeking sweeping concessions or even the collapse of the Islamic Republic. After more than two weeks of heavy bombing, Iran’s military has been weakened but the regime remains intact, and earlier diplomatic progress through mediation by Oman has stalled.

Washington and its allies would prefer either regime change or a dramatically altered Iranian government that curbs its nuclear ambitions, missile development and support for regional armed groups. Tehran, however, refuses to negotiate over its ballistic missiles or its regional alliances and insists on security guarantees and reparations. Iran’s leadership believes it can outlast the United States politically and use its strategic position along the Strait of Hormuz to pressure global energy markets.

Israel appears less eager for a swift ceasefire, aiming to further degrade Iran’s missile stockpiles and military infrastructure, which it views as existential threats alongside uranium enrichment. Gulf Arab states, despite not supporting the war, have faced repeated missile and drone attacks and now express deep mistrust toward Tehran. Rising oil prices and fears of a prolonged regional conflict are increasing international pressure for a resolution, even as core demands on all sides remain far apart.