Russia's Foreign Ministry has reported that Afghanistan remains unstable, with between 20000 and 23000 fighters from international militant networks active across the country. More than half are believed to be foreign nationals. The report identifies groups such as the Islamic State branch in Khorasan, Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan, al Qaeda, and several Central Asian factions as key threats, warning that their presence undermines regional security and strains relations with neighboring states.

Moscow expressed particular concern about cross border attacks into Pakistan and the risk of spillover into Central Asia, especially along the Tajikistan Afghanistan border. Russian security officials cautioned that militant activity could destabilize member states of the Russia led regional security alliance and fuel broader insecurity.

The Taliban rejected the findings, insisting that Afghanistan is fully under their control and denying that foreign militant groups operate on its soil. However, the Russian assessment aligns with long standing claims by Pakistan that Afghan territory is being used to stage attacks against it.

Analysts say the report signals a more cautious Russian approach toward the Taliban, despite Moscow having formally recognized their rule. Growing security concerns, including high profile attacks linked to Afghan based militants, may push Russia and other regional powers to condition future cooperation on stronger counterterrorism measures.