Israel's defence minister said the country intends to establish control over a large buffer zone in southern Lebanon, aiming to create what he described as a defensive space to protect communities in northern Israel from Hezbollah attacks. The plan involves Israeli forces moving into Lebanese territory to eliminate Hezbollah fighters and dismantle infrastructure near the border, following a model used in heavily damaged areas of Gaza.

The conflict has had devastating consequences in Lebanon, where more than 1,072 people have been killed, including at least 121 children and 42 health workers, according to the Lebanese health ministry. Over a million people have been displaced, worsening an already severe humanitarian crisis. Israeli officials have said displaced residents of southern Lebanon will not be allowed to return south of the Litani River until security for northern Israel is assured.

Fighting intensified after Hezbollah fired on Israeli positions following the 7 October 2023 attack by Hamas, prompting immediate retaliation from Israel. While some Israeli residents have recently returned to northern towns after a ceasefire, officials warn it would be a significant setback if renewed violence forced further evacuations.