Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have found that mothers can help protect their children from gum disease even before birth. The study shows that maternal antibodies transferred during pregnancy and through breastfeeding shape the development of the infant's oral immune system, laying the groundwork for long-term dental health.

According to the researchers, antibodies passed on in the womb help regulate the newborn's immune response and guide the healthy formation of bacteria in the mouth. These early immune defenses reach the developing salivary glands and are later secreted into saliva, where they help maintain a balanced microbial environment and prevent harmful inflammation.

Breastfeeding also plays a distinct and critical role. Antibodies delivered through breast milk support the physical maturation of the mouth's protective lining, ensuring it forms a strong barrier against harmful bacteria. The study found that infants lacking these maternal antibodies were more likely to experience immune overactivation, bacterial imbalance, and increased susceptibility to gum disease and bone loss later in life.

The findings suggest that the roots of adult oral health begin before birth and highlight the potential of maternal immunization during pregnancy as a future strategy to strengthen a child's resistance to chronic oral infections.