Iran's internet blackout has created an environment ripe for disinformation and propaganda, as various groups and countries vie to shape perceptions of the ongoing unrest. Inauthentic accounts and bots have flooded social media platforms with misleading images, videos, and conflicting narratives, making it difficult to discern the reality on the ground. Some campaigns support the opposition, particularly Reza Pahlavi, while others echo government claims that foreign enemies are behind the turmoil.

Researchers have identified coordinated information operations from both pro-government and opposition factions, with evidence pointing to involvement from foreign actors such as Israel. These campaigns aim to sway global opinion and deepen divisions within Iran, but their true origins often remain unclear. The blackout has not only suppressed accurate reporting but also silenced Iran's own influence operations, further complicating the information landscape.

Despite the shutdown, Iranians continue to access satellite television for news, with channels like Iran International playing a prominent role in disseminating opposition messages. Experts note that both the government and its critics recognize the power of social media audiences and are intensifying their efforts to control the narrative. The struggle for truth online has become a central front in Iran's ongoing crisis.