Iran's Revolutionary Guard has evolved into a dominant force within the country's theocracy, reporting directly to the supreme leader and overseeing key military and economic sectors. Originally formed after the 1979 revolution to protect the cleric-led government, the Guard expanded its influence during the war with Iraq and later entered private enterprise, controlling major construction and telecommunications companies. The Guard's Quds Force has played a pivotal role in supporting allied groups across the Middle East, including backing leaders and organizations in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Palestine, and has been implicated in overseas operations targeting dissidents and perceived enemies.

Recent events have put the Guard under international scrutiny, with the European Union considering designating it as a terrorist organization following its involvement in suppressing protests in Iran. The Guard's network, known as the 'Axis of Resistance,' has faced significant challenges amid regional conflicts, particularly after the fall of Syria's government and escalating clashes with Israel. Israeli airstrikes in June resulted in the deaths of top Guard generals and the destruction of key military assets, disrupting the force's operations.

Domestically, the Guard's Basij volunteer arm has been instrumental in quelling demonstrations, often using force against protestors. The organization also operates its own intelligence services, conducting arrests and closed-door trials of dual nationals and individuals with Western ties, which some countries view as leverage in diplomatic negotiations.