Iran is pressing Yemen’s Houthi movement to prepare for a renewed campaign against commercial shipping in the Red Sea if the United States intensifies its conflict with Tehran, according to European officials. The Houthis, who are backed by Iran, are reportedly considering more aggressive steps after launching ballistic missiles toward Israel.

Internal divisions within the group’s leadership have slowed decisions on how far to escalate, contributing to a delayed entry into the broader conflict. In a recent statement, the Houthis said they would continue military operations until attacks by the United States and Israel on Iran and allied groups, including Hezbollah in Lebanon, come to an end, but they did not directly threaten maritime traffic.

Officials from the United States and Saudi Arabia have indicated that the Houthis appear to be trying to avoid immediate escalation, particularly against American and Saudi targets. However, European officials warned that a prolonged war could increase the likelihood of renewed attacks on Red Sea shipping, especially if the United States targets key Iranian assets such as Kharg Island.