Poland has launched the largest civilian defense training program in its history as fears grow over a more aggressive Russia and rising geopolitical instability. The initiative aims to train hundreds of thousands of citizens in emergency preparedness, from first aid and cybersecurity to survival skills, as the war in Ukraine enters its fifth year and tensions strain Europe’s security framework.

While Poland has sharply increased military spending and expanded its professional armed forces, officials say rebuilding civil defense is just as urgent. Civilian courses are designed to prepare people for crises without causing panic, teaching practical skills such as assembling emergency kits, purifying water and responding to medical emergencies. Participation spans generations, from teenagers to retirees, reflecting a broad sense of unease.

The push for readiness comes at a time of economic hardship across Europe, with slow growth, high debt and rising energy and commodity costs adding pressure to government budgets. Poland and other countries near Russia, including Finland and the Baltic states, are strengthening both military and civilian defenses as uncertainty deepens.

For many participants, the training has transformed abstract fears into concrete action. Some are considering joining territorial defense units, while others say the sessions have simply made them more aware and prepared. Instructors emphasize that in any emergency, the most critical resource is time.