Progressive nationalist parties in Scotland and Wales scored major victories in recent elections, countering the broader rise of right-wing nationalism seen in England and other Western democracies. In Wales, Plaid Cymru will lead the government for the first time, while the Scottish National Party secured a fifth term. Both parties defeated the anti-immigration Reform party by promoting an inclusive vision of national identity.

Unlike exclusionary movements that define belonging by ancestry or long-standing ties, the Welsh and Scottish parties embrace a civic form of nationalism rooted in shared values, language and self-determination. Their leaders argue that immigrants strengthen their nations, particularly as they confront population decline and economic challenges. Their message frames the central government in London, rather than newcomers, as the main obstacle to prosperity.

Scholars describe nationalism as a flexible political force that can align with many ideologies. While right-wing parties have successfully tapped into voters' desire for belonging, some on the left are exploring ways to reclaim national identity without resorting to ethnic exclusion. The experiences of Scotland and Wales suggest that an inclusive nationalism can resonate, though its durability may depend on delivering tangible improvements to people's lives.