Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered that intestinal stem cells play an active role in defending the body against Salmonella infection. The study, published in Nature Immunology, shows that these stem cells can directly sense invading bacteria and trigger an immune response that helps protect the gut.

When Salmonella is detected, intestinal stem cells rapidly transform into specialized antimicrobial Paneth cells. These cells release molecules that limit bacterial survival, reducing the severity and duration of infection. This process is driven by activation of an inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that helps the body respond to pathogens and cellular stress.

Using advanced genetic and cellular analysis techniques, the researchers mapped the early stages of infection and identified a swift remodeling of the intestinal lining. The findings also revealed a link between this protective stem cell response and Crohn's disease, suggesting that the same defense pathways may be involved in inflammatory bowel conditions.

The study highlights a previously unrecognized immune function of intestinal stem cells, showing they are not only responsible for tissue repair but also serve as a first line of defense against bacterial invasion.