The 2026 Venice Biennale is opening amid mounting controversy, following the sudden death of its curator, Koyo Kouoh, who passed away last year shortly after being diagnosed with terminal liver cancer. Kouoh, the first African woman chosen to lead the exhibition, left behind an early framework for the central show, titled 'In Minor Keys.' Her collaborators have completed the exhibition based on plans developed shortly before her death, prompting questions about how closely the final result reflects her original vision.

The event has also been shaken by the resignation of its five-member prize jury after backlash over a decision to exclude artists from countries whose leaders face investigations for crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court. The move, which indirectly affected countries such as Russia and Israel, led to threats of legal action and the replacement of traditional prizes with visitor-voted popularity awards.

Russia’s unexpected participation has drawn sharp criticism from artists, curators and European officials. Despite its ongoing war in Ukraine, Russia will present a group exhibition during the preview period. The European Union has threatened to suspend millions in funding, and Italian authorities have examined whether Russia’s inclusion complies with sanctions. Protests are expected, with activists arguing that cultural platforms can be used as tools of political influence.

The United States pavilion has faced its own turmoil. After delays and procedural changes within the State Department, Jenni Parido, a nonprofit founder with no museum experience, was appointed commissioner. Curator Jeffrey Uslip ultimately selected sculptor Alma Allen, an unconventional choice whose work has rarely appeared in major American museums. Despite questions surrounding the selection process, officials say the pavilion will showcase American artistic excellence.