Nearly three months after war erupted following United States and Israeli strikes on Iran, negotiations to formalise a ceasefire and broader agreement remain stalled despite claims of progress. A proposed framework could reopen the Strait of Hormuz, ease pressure on global energy markets and launch time-bound talks on Iran's nuclear programme. However, major disagreements over uranium enrichment, sanctions relief and regional security issues continue to block a final deal.

The United States has made clear that Iran must address its stockpile of highly enriched uranium before receiving meaningful sanctions relief, with officials describing the issue as central to any agreement. Iran, while signaling readiness to reassure the world it is not seeking nuclear weapons, has refused to publicly abandon enrichment or surrender its stockpile. Tehran insists its nuclear activities are peaceful and maintains that current talks are focused primarily on ending the war rather than dismantling its nuclear infrastructure.

Control of the Strait of Hormuz remains another critical sticking point. Washington wants the waterway fully reopened to stabilise global oil and gas shipments, while Iran argues it has sovereign authority over the strategic passage. Although both sides indicate that a phased reopening and an end to the naval blockade are under discussion, neither has confirmed unconditional concessions.

Regional tensions further complicate the negotiations. Israel has expressed concern over elements of the ceasefire framework, particularly regarding Lebanon and Hezbollah, and has warned it remains ready to resume military action if necessary. With military pressure and diplomacy unfolding simultaneously, analysts say the talks remain fragile, leaving the region poised between a potential breakthrough and renewed escalation.